20 HAZİRAN MÜLTECİLER GÜNÜ HAKKINDAKİ AÇIKLAMAMIZ

20 HAZİRAN MÜLTECİLER GÜNÜ HAKKINDAKİ AÇIKLAMAMIZ

20 Haziran, Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından “Dünya Mülteciler Günü” olarak kabul edilmiştir. Uluslararası hukukta, 1951 Birleşmiş Milletler Mültecilerin Hukuki Statüsüne İlişkin Cenevre Sözleşmesi ve Birleşmiş Milletler Mültecilerin Hukuki Statüsüne İlişkin 1967 Protokolü ile iltica hakkı, temel bir hak olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yine Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinin yaşam hakkını düzenleyen 2. maddesi ve işkence yasağını düzenleyen 3. maddesi ile de kişilerin yaşam hakkının korunması ve insanlık dışı muameleye tabi tutulmaması düzenlenmiştir. 1951 Sözleşmesinin 33. maddesinde; “Hiçbir taraf devlet, bir mülteciyi, ırkı, dini, tabiiyeti, belli bir sosyal gruba mensubiyeti veya siyasi fikirleri dolayısıyla hayatı ya da özgürlüğü tehdit altında olacak ülkelerin sınırlarına, her ne şekilde olursa olsun geri göndermeyecek veya iade etmeyecektir.” ifadesi ile geri-göndermeme ilkesi (non–refoulement) kabul edilmiştir.

Ülkemizde halihazırda Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği kayıtlarına göre 31.05.2016 tarihi itibariyle Türkiye’nin geçici koruma hakkı tanıdığı Suriyeliler dışında toplam 269.451 kişi sığınmacı ya da mülteci sıfatıyla Türkiye’de bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’de bulunan kayıtlı Suriyeli sayısı yaklaşık 2,5 milyonu bulmuş, tüm dünyada ise 4 milyonu geçmiştir. Dünyada en fazla sığınmacı bulunduran ülke konumunda olan ülkemiz şimdiye kadar sadece Suriye ve Iraklı sığınmacılar için 6 milyar dolardan daha fazla maddi harcama yapmıştır. Sığınmacı ve mültecilerin genel demografik yapısına baktığımızda özellikle Müslümanların mülteci ya da sığınmacı konumuna düştüğü ya da düşürüldüğü gözükmektedir. Suriye ve Irak’ta yaşanan iç karışıklardan en çok etkilenen kesimlere bakacak olur isek özellikle Türkmenlerin büyük mağduriyet yaşadıkları ve topraklarını terk etmekte halen direndikleri; ancak terk edenlerin ise oldukça kötü şartlarda ülkemizde yaşam savaşı verdikleri anlaşılmaktadır.

Uluslararası hukuka göre ülkemiz üzerine düşen yükümlülükleri yerine getirmesine rağmen özellikle Avrupa ülkeleri tarafından sığınmacı ve mültecilere takınılan tutum utanç verici boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Sadece 2016 yılının Mayıs ayının son haftasında Avrupa ülkelerinin katı tutumu neticesinde hukuka aykırı yollarla kaçak şekilde Avrupa’ya ulaşmaya çalışan sığınmacı ve mültecilerden ölen sığınmacı sayısı bir haftada 700 kişiyi geçmiş bulunmaktadır.

Sığınmacı ya da mülteci konumunda bulunan çocukların durumuna bakacak olursak; UNICEF’İN NİSAN 2016 Suriyeli Çocuklar Bilgi Notuna göre; Türkiye’de kayıtlı Suriyeli sayısı 2.749.140 kayıtlı olmayan Suriyeli Sayısı 270,380 Kamp dışı yaşayan Suriyeli sayısı 2.478.760 iken Suriyeli Çocuk sayısı 1.490.033 , okula gidebilen Suriyeli Çocuk sayısı ise 325.000 dır.Suriyeli çocukların sayısı toplam sayının yaklaşık %54 üne denk gelmektedir.

Yukarıdaki sayılar incelendiğinden görüleceği üzere; bugün mülteci çocukların en önemli sorunlarının başında eğitim hakkı gelmektedir. Eğitim, sağlık ,gelişim hakkı gibi temel haklar BM Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesinde , din, dil, ırk ayrımı yapılmadan tüm çocuklara, sözleşmeci devletler tarafından sağlanması gereken temel haklar olarak belirlenmiştir.Yine bilindiği Üzere BM Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesi’nin 22 Maddesine göre ;Taraf Devletler, ister tek başına olsun isterse ana-babası veya herhangi bir başka kimse ile birlikte bulunsun, mülteci statüsü kazanmaya çalışan ya da uluslararası iç hukuk kural v e usulleri uyarınca mülteci sayılan bir çocuğun, bu Sözleşmede ve insan haklarına veya insani konulara ilişkin ve söz konusu Devletlerin taraf oldukları diğer Uluslararası sözleşmelerde tanınan ve bu duruma uygulanabilir nitelikte bulunan hakları kullanması amacıyla koruma ve insani yardımdan yararlanması için gerekli bütün önlemleri almakla yükümlü kılınmıştır.

Bugün ülkemizde ve diğer ülkerde bulunan Mülteci çocukların, eğitim haklarından mahrum kalması çocukların gelişimi engellemekte, çocukların fiziksel ve ekonomik olarak istismar edilmelerini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Eğitim hakkında mahrum kalan mülteci çocukların ağır iş yükü altında günlük işlerde çalıştırmasına neden olmaktadır

Bugün mevzuatta, uygulamada ve zihinlerdeki eksiklikler mültecilerin eğitim haklarını kısıtlayarak sağlıklı yaşam hakkını engellemekte, bu durum mültecileri başka ülkelere zorunlu göçlere zorlamaktadır

Çok değil yakın zamanda Aylan bebek ve ailesi ; daha iyi eğitim ve yaşam standartları için ülkelerindeki savaştan kaçarak ülkemize sığınmış, ülkemizden de Kanadaya göç etmek üzere iken bindikleri bot devrilince Aylan bebeğin cansız bedeni karaya vurmuş, bu olay tüm dünya nın gündemine ve yürekleri sızlatmıştır.

Aylan Bebek, bugün mülteci çocukların vermiş olduğu yaşam mücadelesi açık şekilde gözler önüne sermektedir.

Bizler Hukuki Mücadele Derneği üyesi Türk Hukukçular olarak başka Aylan Bebeklerin ölmemesi, Türk soylu sığınmacı durumundaki kardeşlerimiz ile tüm mültecilerin temel hak ve özgürlüklere kavuşması için gerekli hukuki mücadeleyi vereceğimizi bildiriyor; icra makamlarını ise gerekli mevzuat değişikliklerini ivedi şekilde yapmaya davet ediyoruz.

Unutmayalım ki; Mülteci hakkı insan hakkıdır. Bir gün herkes mülteci olabilir…

HUKUKİ MÜCADELE DERNEĞİ

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